Author Archives: RomanInUkraine

Black Sea Slave Trade

https://allkindsofhistory.wordpress.com/2015/01/15/blonde-cargoes-finnish-children-in-the-slave-markets-of-medieval-crimea/

The horrors of the trans-Atlantic slave trade have left an ineradicable mark on history. In the course of a little more than three and a half centuries, 12.5 million prisoners – at least two-thirds of them men destined for a life of labour in the fields – were shipped from holding pens along the African coast to destinations ranging from Argentina in the south all the way north to Canada. It was the largest forced migration in modern history. . . .

A second great market in slaves once sullied the world, this one less well-known, vastly longer-lasting, and centred on the Black Sea ports of the Crimea. It was a huge trade in its own right; in its great years, which lasted roughly from 1200 until 1760, an estimated 6.5 million prisoners were shipped off to new and often intensely miserable lives in places ranging from Italy to India.

Slavery in the Crimea, however, differed in significant ways from the model made so familiar by the trans-Atlantic trade. The slaves sold there were white, being drawn for the most part from the great plains of the Ukraine and southern Russia in annual raids known as the “harvesting of the steppe.” Their masters were successively Vikings, Italians and Tatars – the latter being, for nearly half of the trade’s life, the subjects of the Crimean Khanate, a state that owed its own long life to its ability to satisfy demand for slaves. And most of the slaves themselves were not male labourers. They were women and children destined for domestic service – a fate that not infrequently included sexual service. The latter sort of slave was always fairly commonplace in the Crimea. . . .

It can be argued, indeed, that the significance of the Crimean slave trade as a whole has been severely under-estimated. It was not simply a precursor of the Atlantic trade; it provided a model and, in a number of cases, the expertise for it. Some of the Genoese slavers who were thrown out of Caffa by the Ottomans a few years after the fall of Byzantium reappeared as founders of the Atlantic trade towards the end of the fifteenth century. Moreover, Ottoman Istanbul, the largest city in all of Europe and western Asia by 1550, grew rapidly in part because one in five of its booming population was a Crimean slave. And the Cossacks of the Ukraine first organised themselves into large bands to protect against Tatar slave raids.

Finally, the diversion of Muscovite resources and Russian gold to Caffa plainly had some impact on the development of Russia. The cost of ransom slavery alone was as much as 6 million roubles each year after 1600, and the great Russian historian Vasily Klyuchevsky – writing late in the nineteenth century, at a time when Russia’s inability to keep pace with the developing west was a matter of prime political importance – observed that “if you consider how much time and spiritual and material strength was wasted in the monotonous, brutal, toilsome and painful pursuit of [the Tatar] steppe predators, one need not ask what people in Eastern Europe were doing while those of Western Europe advanced in industry and commerce, in civil life and in the arts and sciences.”

That so many lives, and so many millions in gold, in short, were not available to be invested in Russia, nor to be directed against Poland-Lithuania or Sweden for so long, may have been merely an inadvertent consequence of the Crimean khan’s inability to control his chiefs and followers. It was a consequence, nonetheless.

Also, this bit about Muskovite participation:

“This trade in Scandinavian captives – known to the Muscovites as nemtsy – flourished throughout the 16th century, and was large enough for other rulers to send specially to Moscow for these coveted slaves. Izmail-bek, the khan of the Nogai horde (whose lands were situated north of the Crimea) sent a diplomat north to purchase two Scandinavian children in 1561; the khan of far-off Bukhara dispatched a delegation which toured the slave quarters of five towns for nemtsy girls. The prices they paid were about ten times the average for an ordinary slave, and Korpela suggests that the word nemtsy itself became practically a trademark, “which referred to an already established extra quality.”

Judicial Reform Floundering

Concorde Capital Political Report June 24

Accused Ukraine judge says president’s office demanded rulings

Anton Chernushenko, the chief judge of the Kyiv Appellate Court facing possible criminal charges, alleged on June 23 that the Prosecutor General Office’s current attempt to remove his judicial immunity stems from his refusal to issue illegal rulings on the government’s behalf. He told a press briefing that he was called to the Presidential Administration several times by deputy head Oleksiy Filatov, who gave him orders on what decisions he was supposed to reach. Among them was to rule on arresting the property of Naftogazvydobuvannia, for which Chernushenko said there was no legal basis to do so. Naftogazvydobuvannia is Ukraine’s largest private natural gas producer and is controlled by DTEK (DTEKUA), which belongs to the nation’s biggest oligarch, Rinat Akhmetov. Filatov dismissed the accusations.

Law enforcement authorities searched Chernushenko’s residence on June 21, the judge said in the briefing, confiscating a safe, among other items. The next day, they conducted a search of his office during which they confiscated money from his robe, among other items that the judge declined to reveal the origins of. Chernushenko said he won’t flee the country if criminal charges are filed, “no matter how hard it gets.” Acting Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) Head Vasyl Hrytsak accused Chernushenko on June 22 of manipulating the appellate court’s computerized system of assigning court cases to judges. The SBU is currently investigating interference in the computerized system of automatic, random assignment of cases, he said.

Zenon Zawada: It’s quite distressing to see such serious accusations being made from both sides, which inflict yet another black eye on the country’s image. Poroshenko had the opportunity to conduct a complete lustration of Ukraine’s judicial corps and recruit younger judges with Western education, which could have avoided such scandals and earned trust form the public. If Chernushenko’s accusations are true, then he has resorted to keeping the old guard in place and conducting business as usual.

Chernushenko’s claims cast doubt on the legitimacy of the president’s “deoligarchization” campaign. If the president is using illegal means to reduce the influence of oligarchs, then the question becomes of what’s the ultimate goal of the campaign. Is it to implement institutions of rule of law and equality before the law, as well as reduce monopolization of resources, or is it to enhance the president’s authority and control over the key assets in the country? Instead, for instance, the president could have revamped the judicial system and pursued any pretenses against the oligarchs in the courts.

The Chernushenko conflict is one of numerous scandals that indicate Poroshenko doesn’t believe in liberal reforms and has a cynical position towards the ability of Ukrainians to adopt Western institutions and practices. As we’ve stated, this doesn’t bode well for his political prospects. The EuroMaidan protest wasn’t held to replace one authoritarian president with someone who is taking a similar path, though admittedly not as extreme.

No Tears: Estonians Respond To Lithuanians Who Weep For Mandatory Military Service

Response to Men in Lithuania Post Pictures of Themselves Crying to Protest Draft.

Dear Lithuanian Friends,

Your 14 powerful portraits of men expressing their feelings towards conscription service proved to be really powerful, but perhaps not in a way you envisioned.

We are both small, freedom-loving nations living in a dangerous neighborhood. It is only our determination, our love of freedom and our way of life, for our home and the dear ones that can uphold the peace and the freedom for us and our children. To this end, it is essential to be ready and determined to defend our freedom.

The Estonian Defense League is a voluntary military organization consisting of people like me and you, of people who have chosen to spend part of their time on serving their country. We learn and train to then shed our uniforms and continue our lives as teachers, drivers, lawyers, architects, etc. We believe the best response to the powers feeding on fear and aggression is to be prepared, and then go on with our lives.

We have taken these 16 portraits to support you and say: you do not have to be a gun nut, you do not need to prove your manliness, an assault rifle or a grenade launcher does not have to give you boners. You just have to love freedom!

Lauri and Kaupo, on behalf of our friends, the citizens of Estonia, and members of the Defense League.

http://www.boredpanda.com/army-mandatory-military-service-portrait-photography-no-tears-kaupo-kikkas/

16th Century Bukovyna Mosastery

А ось монастирі румунської Буковини – ті, що внесені до світової спадщини ЮНЕСКО. Фасади повністю розписані фресками. Монастирі переважно XVI століття заснування, Румунська православна церква (написи на фресках – кирилицею).

And here are the monasteries of Bucovina-Romanian ones made to UNESCO World Heritage sites. The facades are fully decorated with frescoes. XVI century monastery was founded, mainly by the Romanian Orthodox Church (inscriptions on the frescoes-Cyrillic).

11667262_941797609212313_7086206153152371761_n

11666146_941797655878975_2799847603056261018_n

11667497_941797712545636_720590685396730963_n

10952530_941797742545633_6156869732646955317_n

Secret history of sex in the USSR – Searching for the Truth

Female members of Komsomol were required to give themselves to male memebers upon request.

Bureaucrats had a coupon-system for sex (rape).

It all started with the 1918 revolution.

In 1929 there was a change of heart, and the history of sexual depravity was erased.

Komsomols were given 3 women. Honored party member, 5.

1922 “down with shame” nudity movement in Moscow and Petrograd. Followers of Freud and Wilhelm Reich.

Civil marriages started to replace religious ones.

Head of GPU organized orgies — in one, the men all dressed as priests.

Love communes.

Nymphomaniac Alexandra Kollontai (former aristocrat)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Kollontai was a key figure.

(10:00)

Alexandre Kollontai eventually tried to re-instate marriage after finding a man she loved.

Westerners go on sex tours to Russia.

Komsomol leaders introduced sexual initiation for female members.

Orgies after communist reading parties.

Village Soviets advertise: “Join the Komsomol and get laid!”

One of the rules: “Each member of the Komsomol, and any student of the worker school, had the right to satisfy his sexual needs.”

January, 1918 Decree: Women between 17-30 can still be used by their husbands, but must submit to other men. Maximum 4 times a week & 3 hours each time. But only if man pays 2% of wages to the National Generation(?) Fund.

(20:00)

One town’s decree. All women over 18 are property of the state and must register with ministry of free love. (Party members received coupons.)

Men queued around the block for coupons.

Orders (warrants) were written and given to women to accompany men.

Youth organization would break into homes and rape women in front of husbands. In early 1920s, children began to be born. Many children killed by mothers. Syphilis epidemic.

Red army creates special units to fight Syphilis.

Lenin tries to real back in the debauchery. Tried unsuccessfully to restore norms. (He was already weak and ill.)

Alexandra Kollontai becomes increasingly jealous of her love. She creates marriage registry system and marries there. But husband continues to practice free love, including with Alexandra’s secretary.

Kollontai requests that Stalin banish her from Moscow. She became diplomat to Canada / Norway. She get shot for treason.

Stalin bans sex education and psycho-analysis. Promotes monogamy.

Develops 12 sexual commandments of proletariat.
1. underage sex is harmful
2. abstinence before marriage
3. monogamy

12. report any depravity to the party

Sex vanishes from encyclopedias.

1936 Shestokovich opera accused of too closely resembling a creeking bed.

Venus De Milo pornographic

(30:00)

Krushchev – anti-masturbation programs.

Breznev – Sterilization and branding for perverts. Proof of virginity after newly weds copulate.

But elite had a staff of whores, porn, and orgies.

Krushchev era scandal when female student jumps from Moscow apartment. Minister of Culture had Harem of students and was engaging in an orgy with high ranking bureaucrats.

Movies heavily censored of sex scenes.

Western clothes catalogs served as porn.

Actual porn begins to spreads quickly despite punishment by imprisonment.

Here’s what Putin was likely doing as a KGB spy in Germany

There is no official version of what Putin was doing in Dresden, and he has not offered much personal detail.

Nor is there any concrete information about which directorate of the KGB Putin worked for.

One suggestion is that he was in an operation, “Operation Luch” (“beam” or “ray”), to steal technological secrets. Another says that while he was indeed part of Operation Luch, the mission was not to steal secrets at all.

It was an undercover operation to recruit top officials in the East German Communist Party and secret police (Stasi).

The goal was to secure their support for the reformist, perestroika, line of the Soviet leadership in Moscow against opposition from Honecker and his hardline East German leadership.

A third says simply that the goal of the KGB in Dresden was to contact, entrap, compromise, and generally recruit Westerners who happened to be in Dresden studying and doing business.

Other versions suggest that the KGB was focused on recruiting East Germans who had relatives in the West. Some versions of the story have said Putin himself traveled undercover to West Germany on occasion.

The most likely answer to which of these was Putin’s actual mission in Dresden is: “all of the above.”

Not only is it likely that Putin engaged in some or all of these activities, it is virtually inconceivable that he did not.

http://www.businessinsider.com/heres-what-putin-was-likely-doing-as-a-kgb-spy-in-germany-2015-6

Guardian’s Shameful BS headline: “Tensions rising in Ukraine as far-right militia’s boobytraps injure two police”

Adrian Bonenberger:

This Guardian headline states that Right Sector was responsible for the blasts that injured two police officers in ‪#‎Lviv‬ yesterday. Absolutely zero evidence exists for this claim, and in the article, the author’s case appears to rely on a single unsubstantiated rumor – speculation which is not identified as such. Incidentally, there are two far more popular rumors floating around on the streets of Lviv and in the pubs and coffee-houses, neither of which appear in the piece below: (1) someone is trying to frame Right Sector, and (2) Russia is trying to destabilize Ukraine. This is the news that the West is reading to make decisions about Ukraine, to evaluate the situation here. We are getting betrayed by lazy reporters, incompetent headline writers, and editors who don’t care enough one way or another to get the facts straight before running to print. Shameful.

The headline: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/14/tensions-rising-in-ukraine-as-far-right-militias-boobytraps-injure-two-police

Interview with legendary Swedish Sniper / Azov Battalion instructor Mikael Skillt

autotranslated:

Blood from throat cut sharply stinks rust

ONE OF SHVED killed in N. STATE UKRAINIAN not even paid for his funeral – says Michael SKILLT, snipers and military instructors volunteer regiment “Azov”

MICHAEL SKILLT meet at checkpoints training base “Azov” near the capital’s subway stations Svyatoshin. Wore a dark brown shirt with Chevron “Azov” on the chest and camouflage pants. Floor black socks shod sandals.

Please do not photograph it in full length. Displays shoes and makes a gesture with the thumb near the throat:

– From Bielecki (Andrey Beletsky, the regimental commander. – “Country”) difference, if you see, what shod – laughing. – It is not formennyh clothing. In this “azovtsyam” photographed not allowed.

Michael speaks English. The sun always pryschuryuye left eye.

This habit sniper you?

– I’m by nature a very good night vision. But look at the sun can not – said. – Sniper can be identified not by facial expressions, and so far looks. Out of habit looked up on roofs of buildings around the perimeter.

At the checkpoint with a metal clasp We welcome the three men on the couch. One – no legs. The house is orange harvester “Atek-1300”. These producing plant, which placed training base.

Michael left arm covered with tattoos: One Scandinavian god in the form of an eagle competes with the wolf Fenrir, who represents darkness. On the inside of the right hand – blue-yellow and red-black emblems “Azov”.

– These crammed in February – says Michael. – Scandinavian wolf Fenrir – the destroyer, one – soldier and builder. Vikings believe that they will fight until the end of the world. Tattoo – a part of my origins, my roots Viking. Family is very honored these characters, because they were all soldiers – father, brothers, grandfather, many people.

Maintain your choice to fight for Ukraine?

– Of course. They see that Russia creates. We Swedes have all the support of Ukraine Mazepa, when together with the Cossacks fought against Peter I.

I’m traveling life. Often changed jobs. Mom resigned, said: “Do what you want, just come back alive. I do not want to go to Ukraine for the funeral.” Grandmother survived the Second World War. It violent temper. He says: “The people can not fix, you must kill.”

….

Why come to fight for Ukraine?

– Arrived at the Maidan. Met a few days after the shooting saw in February. It’s angering. I thought: if “berkutivski” snipers killing protesters, I can kill those snipers. He was in Kiev 28th. Talked with some guys from the Maidan. I promised to give arms.

In Ukraine, it was widely believed that Europe looks at our revolution through the Russian propaganda. Why not believe them?

– I’m well aware of what is happening in Ukraine, since 2012.. Then made friends with some guys from the “Freedom” who came to Sweden. Threw me a link to a YouTube video of the Maidan. Swedish television events in Ukraine lit occasionally, until started killing people. In general, the Swedes never trust the Russian propaganda.

How to become a nationalist?

– I was the National Socialists eight years ago. Of 2010 turned into a nationalist. When Ukraine began to fight side by side with the Israelis and the Arabs realized that was wrong in its attitude to them.

In terms of “Nazi” and “fascist” very speculate. According to the Russian propaganda, all the Ukrainian may be called fascists.

In Sweden, a big problem with illegal migrants. Only war in Ukraine showed me why these refugees appear.

I am writing a book about their stay here. There are already about a hundred pages.

Your book contains only Ukrainian experience?

– Mostly. This is a good way to clear consciousness, understand yourself. Therefore wanted to articulate their experiences.

What memories would rethink?

– The hardest thing was during Ilovaisky. It was a whole hell of this war. We lost many many nabachylysya.

In war, get friends for life. But their death hurts less and less over time. But when killing people – is not forgotten, imprinted in the subconscious. And we kill all of what can – sniper rifles, pistols, knives. Knife – the worst weapons. We had knife fights under Ilovaisky. Shoot in the night when proryvayeshsya secret of the environment can not, because attract attention. We have to attack the enemy by surprise with a knife. I do not feel – and do everything. And then those memories haunt: remember smells and sounds. Blood from throat cut sharply stinks rust. Sound when cut throat – terrible. Remember as a child greatly inflated gum and sharply punched her? Such cotton occurs when the cut artery. Of these, once jet fountain of blood. Smell – fuuu – Michael turns and squints nose.

Are there ways to forget about it?

– I write. This is my way.

In hazardous situations fall?

– Danger began when the enemy began to use artillery. During a couple of times Shyrokynym fire burned my green shirt, but the body does not hurt. Several times a bullet flew by centimeter.

Ukrainian impressive courage. In September, had seven days to wait before the first battle in Shyrokynomu. Joined by border patrols. These guys are probably the most daring in the Ukrainian army.

One night we were in the field. Heard the sounds of explosions. They come to us by car. One soldier was dead in the back seat, the other – wounded in the stomach. The guys asked us, “Have tea? We want to drink.” We have them, “And you are injured, you need to physicians.” – “There is nothing he will not. Let the tea.” The next day they again went to his jeep in the line of fire. And after the fight asked us tea. Not seen bezstrashnishyh people.

In Marinka had to move 800 meters to grab the last checkpoint separatists. Started shooting. Can understand where – or our enemy? When all was quiet, he saw a man in black on the roof. He’s aiming at me. I grabbed a Remington 700. But not managed to reduce the trigger. Ukrainian rescued behind – instantly that took sniper.

What they should do in case of captivity?

– This will not happen. Always have a rapid action grenade. Buff – and all! No prisoner. I saw that these animals make people in captivity. It is better to die.

How to treat those who are not born to fight?

– At the beginning of the war one guy came in “Azov” volunteer. For some time refused. Said it – not for me, I can not. I returned home. I respect this position. To admit – “War is not for me” – requires willpower.

Many remain on the front, stepping over him. Receive mental disorders. They only bother us.

War does not bring me pleasure. I would like to collect the flowers in the field and at peace. But it turns out.

How did the Ukrainian army a year of war?

– At the beginning it was guys with only three months of training behind him. But fearless. And now they are on par with most veteran armies of Europe. Ukraine has formed a solid army with soldiers who know how to conduct large-scale operation to destroy enemy knows tactics. And most importantly – have a fighting spirit. It took casualties to acquire it. At the beginning it seemed that Ukrainian not want to fight against. Sought every opportunity not to engage in this war. And Ukrainian army and volunteers crossed the line: okay, this way we do not pay.

How many foreigners fighting in “Azov”?

– The exact number – secret. For some countries forbid their citizens to fight for other states. But we counted in “Azov” 22 nationalities.

Among the military there is a problem with alcohol. As with this in your environment?

– I saw it in Ilovaisky after the first disastrous attempt to break out of the encirclement. We are in the front line intelligence to find many bottles of vodka, whiskey, brandy. Nerves guys drinking all.

In the “Azov” strict rules. By booze punished – not the officers, and your friends. They can pour pretty. For all the time in the regiment saw three cases of people drinking between fights at the base. On the battlefield – never.

The government has promised to grant citizenship to foreigners who are fighting for Ukraine. Got it?

– In August Poroshenko was in Mariupol Airport. We met with him Taruta (then – governor of Donetsk region. – “Country”) and Avakov. Ukrainian President promised to foreigners passports. Almost a year has passed. Waiting for them now. Although this is a simple procedure. He gave Saakashvili Ukrainian citizenship by how many seconds?

One Swede killed in the Gaza M. Ukrainian state even paid for his funeral.

Trailer comes to the military, Michael holds out a round metal box with small square bags, like tea, but smaller.

– A Swedish chewing tobacco, – says Michael. – Replace cigarettes. Because when you go to the sniper operation can not smoke – smoke visible at night by a mile.

You sent home?

– Sam brought. Whenever naviduyusya in Sweden, gaining him much.

However, in Ukraine met her and want to marry?

– We met last year in March. Not to say that it was love at first sight. The second time saw each other nine months when he returned from the Gaza M. knew that our love – the other point of view. It works grocery manager in Kyiv. Her parents live close to the front line. Hoping peace will come – and we married in August. But I doubt that peace will come quickly. Name of girl – the great secret – eyes down. – She – a typical Ukrainian.

What does it mean?

– Ohh … food – smiles. – When after nine months of separation came home with broken knees, the first thing she asked – not “How do you feel?” And “Are you hungry?” So can only Ukrainian. Grandma in the Donbas even when dripping with blood, interested, or drink tea. I – a vegetarian because I love meatless soup and salads.

It is easy to be a vegetarian in the war?

– Very. We always have fish stew. This is our main product. However, after Ilovaiskaya has lost 10 kilograms. Now back to his normal weight.

After talking Michael gets up and knead numb feet.

– I am 38 but I feel older, – jokes.

On the way to the checkpoint echoes loudly in the court of Russian soldiers.

– There are days when almost all understand – says Michael. – Sometimes it seems that never heard that language. Russian propaganda convincing if to speak Russian in Ukraine, you just killed. In the “Azov” 99 percent speak Russian fighters.

Michael devotes hand side of cigarette smoke not to us.

– Always liked to shoot. And like a forest walk, especially in the mountains. In Sweden, two weeks would be alone in the mountains, threw the phone and did not see at this time, except for animals – wolves, deer and foxes. Once shot a moose. It reminded me cry cry baby. After that I can not shoot the animal. In person – no problem, but the animal – no.

http://gazeta.ua/articles/people-and-things-journal/_krov-iz-pererizanogo-gorla-rizko-smerdit-irzheyu/634488

Russian Soldiers Increasingly Deserting Their Units to Avoid Being Sent to Fight in Ukraine

This is consistent with observations I heard from the Azov battalion.

Several dozen contract soldiers in a Russian motorized rifle brigade based in Maikop have deserted in order to avoid being sent to fight in Ukraine. They now face up to ten years in prison, are being kept in “inhuman” conditions, and are constantly urged to agree to go to Ukraine as “volunteers,” according to a Moscow newspaper.

In today’s “Gazeta,” Vladimir Dergachev and Elizaveta Mayetnaya suggest that this is a growing problem, noting that between 2010 and 2014, there were only 35 cases in which soldiers were charged with being absent without leave of desertion while in the first half of 2015 alone, 62 were found guilty of such offenses (gazeta.ru/politics/2015/07/10_a_7633125.shtml).

The actual numbers may be much higher. A lawyer who is involved with the defense of five of the soldiers who have been charged told the two Moscow journalists that commanders had told her that the number of soldiers facing these charges is so large that it has overwhelmed the military justice system there.

One of the soldiers facing charges has filed a brief with the court, the two journalists say. It specifies that he “did not fulfill a criminal order since he did not want to go against the oath which [he] took and did not want to participate in military actions on the territory of Ukraine.”

Other soldiers involved say they were under intense pressure to volunteer to fight in Ukraine, with senior officers from other units coming and offering them as much as 8,000 rubles (160 US dollars) a day. But according to the lawyer, Tatyana Chernetskaya, “no one wants to fight in the Donbas for 8,000 a day as the recruiters promised or even for 28,000.”

http://windowoneurasia2.blogspot.com/2015/07/russian-soldiers-increasingly-deserting.html